Section E: Change Model

Section E: Change Model
In recent years, clinical practitioners have adopted the concept of EBP in their clinical practice to deliver quality and safe patient care. However, despite the emergence and development of EBP, its implementation is limited to a degree due to various implementation barriers as elaborated by Barría (2014), failing to provide evidence-based practice care to a significant percentage of patients. The failure to implement EBP means that the effect of subjective errors, use of obsolete information, and exercising practices based on unsubstantiated experiences increases (Mohammadi, Poursaberi, & Salahshoor, 2018). Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory is a good theoretical framework that will be used to identify factors that will be applied to advance EBP adoption, determine the process, and develop an EBP adoption model.
Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Roger’s theory of diffusion of innovation has been applied to enable the implementation of new practices in clinical settings. According to Scott and McGuire (2017), the theory seeks to answer the how and under what circumstances changes are acceptable. Evidence-based practice is considered an innovation and using the four elements the diffusion of innovation theory we outline the implementation of EBP within the organizational practice.
Innovation
In the diffusion of innovation theory, innovation encompasses a new idea, object, or a practice. Innovation can include an emerging medical practice or a new educational policy, or a technology. Focusing on the element of innovation, scholars have found that individuals are more likely to implement an innovation based on the following perceptions. If individuals believe that it has some relative advantage compared to the current practice, is compatible with current needs and values, or it is not too complex to implement. In addition, individuals are likely to implement a change is they believe the practice can be tested for a certain period before adoption or has observable outcomes or results (Scott & McGuire, 2017). In this case, the innovation is the implementation of prenatal breastfeeding education in the organization to improve breastfeeding initiation and duration. The implementation of prenatal breastfeeding education at the prenatal and obstetrics clinic is perceived as having sole relative advantage and the ability to improve breastfeeding. The proposed practice change is compatible with the organization values and is not too complex in its mode of implementation. Besides, the education will be implemented during the prenatal period and has observable results.
Communication Channels
Distribution of information regarding an innovation is a social and dynamic process. Different communication methods are effective based on the stage of the adoption process (p. 121). Within the organization, the communication method that will be used is a formal meeting to inform all relevant stakeholders about the implementation of the new practice. The face-to-face communication, workshops, professional conferences will be used to persuade individuals to embrace the innovation.
Time
Time represents a number of elements in the adoption of innovation. For instance, it considers the innovation-decision process, individual innovativeness, and the rate of adoption (p. 121). Within the organization, some individuals are more likely to adopt to a new idea more readily than others.
Social systems
Under this element, it is assumed that the diffusion of an innovation occurs within a social system where members share the same objective (p. 122). This may be professional organizations or groups of individuals. Members in a particular form of social system or structure are likely to behave in a predictable manner and influence the implementation of change. At the organization, change will be implemented at the prenatal and obstetric clinic where members share the same objectives.

References
Barría, P. RM. (July 01, 2014). Implementing Evidence-Based Practice: A challenge for the nursing practice. Investigación Y Educación En Enfermería, 32(2), 191-193.
Mohammadi, M. M., Poursaberi, R., & Salahshoor, M. R. (2018). Evaluating the adoption of evidence-based practice using Rogers’s diffusion of innovation theory: a model testing study. Health Promotion Perspectives, 8(1), 25-32.
Scott, S., & McGuire, J. (2017). Using Diffusion of Innovation Theory to Promote Universally Designed College Instruction. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 29(1), 119-128.